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找到介绍JEAN BAUDRILLARD的作品看了一下，他的几句话值得玩味。
"The simulacrum is never that which conceals the truth--it is the truth which conceals that there is none. The simulacrum is true."
"There is no truth of the object, and denotation is never more than the most beautiful of connotations.... The function(ality) of forms, of objects, becomes more incomprehensible, illegible, incalculable, every day,"
Simulacra and Simulation identifies three types of simulacra and identifies each with a historical period:
1. First order, associated with the pre-modern period, where the image is clearly an artificial placemarker for the real item.
2. Second order, associated with the industrial Revolution, where distinctions between image and reality breaks down due to the proliferation of mass-produced copies. The items' ability to imitate reality threaten to replace the original version.
3. Third order, associated with the postmodern age, where the simulacrum precedes the original and the distinction between reality and representation break down. There is only the simulacrum.
Baudrillard theorizes the lack of distinctions between reality and simulacra originates in several phenomenon:
1. Contemporary media including television, film, print and the Internet, which are responsible for blurring the line between goods that are needed and goods for which a need is created by commercial images.
2. Exchange value, in which the value of goods is based on money rather than usefulness.
3. Multinational capitalism, which separates produced goods from the plants, minerals and other original materials and the process used to create them.
4. Urbanization, which separates humans from the natural world.
5. Language and ideology, in which language is used to obscure rather than reveal reality when used by dominant, politically powerful groups.
"The world is not dialectical -- it is sworn to extremes, not to equilibrium, sworn to radical antagonism, not to reconciliation or synthesis,"
fashion -- more beautiful than beautiful
simulation -- more true than the true
pornography -- more sex than sex
seduction -- more false than the false
obscenity -- more visible than the visible
terrorism -- more violent than the violent
obesity -- more fat than the fat
catastrophe -- more eventful than the event
hypertelia -- more final than the final
hyperreality -- more real than the real
From now on we will live in a world without originals, as it was for objects and images before art existed. And in the absence of originality we may recover some of these ritual forms, but certainly they will not be the same as those existing before the age of aesthetics. Our forms and images are beyond aesthetics, just as our media are beyond the true and the false, and our values are beyond good and evil. But there is always a point beyond the vanishing point. There is always a time after the orgy. A secret reversibility lies in all things, even when they seem to be irreversible. Reversibility is beautiful," (189).
"Information can tell us everything. It has all the answers. But they are answers to questions we have not asked, and which doubtless don't even arise,"
"Modernity is not a dialectic of history: it is the eventness, the permanent play of the present moment, the universality of news blurbs through the media. Modernity is not the transmutation of all values, it is the destruction of all former values without surpassing them, it is the ambiguity of all former values under the sign of a generalized combinatory,"
"So many messages and signals have been produced and transmitted that they will never find the time to acquire any meaning. Fortunately so for us! Fortunately, we ignore 99% of all information, 99% of the products. The tiny amount that we nevertheless absorb already subjects us to perpetual electrocution,"
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